The new Spatial Plan for Montenegro, recently adopted by the Government, outlines a vision for the country to achieve energy independence as a net exporter of electricity. This plan emphasizes increasing the share of energy generated from renewable sources through the integration of wind and solar power plants, alongside the operation of hydroelectric facilities, to ensure system stability.

According to the Plan, starting in 2026, new fees for CO2 emissions related to coal electricity production at the Pljevlja Thermal Power Plant will be introduced. Consequently, a reduction in the plant’s operational hours is anticipated, and the potential closure of the Pljevlja Thermal Power Plant between 2035 and 2040 is being evaluated to meet decarbonization targets in the energy sector.

Plans for Replacing the Pljevlja TPP

The Ministry of Energy has indicated that the European Energy Community is likely to permit the Pljevlja TPP to continue operating until 2041 following ecological upgrades. However, the EU aims to phase out coal-fired power plants by imposing hefty penalties that would significantly raise the cost of coal-generated electricity, impacting even candidate countries.

Currently, the Pljevlja TPP satisfies roughly half of Montenegro’s electricity consumption, generating about 1,500 GWh. It is the most reliable electricity source, maintaining a steady flow of power regardless of weather, contrasting with other energy sources dependent on natural conditions.

The Spatial Plan proposes the construction of two major hydroelectric power plants, “Komarnica” and “Gornje Kruševo,” along with five wind farms and 24 solar power plants to replace the output from the TPP. Smaller potential projects could also be developed in line with the overall spatial plan guidelines.

Energy development is vital for national growth; without it, progress in areas such as tourism, industry, and the economy as a whole is unattainable.

“By enhancing energy infrastructure and boosting the share of renewable energy, Montenegro will promote energy efficiency and positively impact the economy and quality of life in both urban and rural settings, while also contributing to lower greenhouse gas emissions,” the Plan affirms.

Moreover, the Plan emphasizes that energy development cannot rely solely on solar and wind facilities, as these are variable energy sources. Instead, they must be complemented by reversible hydroelectric power plants that can operate during periods of insufficient solar and wind energy, thereby maintaining system stability.

Importance of TPP Until 2035

The Plan highlights that the ecological reconstruction of the Pljevlja Thermal Power Plant, slated for completion by mid-November, is crucial for prolonging its operation and facilitating district heating in the area. The initial phase of this district heating project will commence following the completion of the reconstruction.

“The establishment of a primary heat pipeline linking the Pljevlja TPP to the city aims to enhance the environmental situation in the area and improve the TPP’s operational efficiency. The ecological upgrade will yield gypsum as a by-product, which can be utilized in various products. The Pljevlja TPP will continue to serve as a cornerstone for Montenegro’s electricity security for the foreseeable future, just as it has for the last 40 years, until strategic energy development goals for greater renewable integration are achieved. However, with impending coal production fees starting in 2026, a gradual reduction in operational hours is likely, and a complete phase-out between 2035 and 2040 is under consideration as part of the decarbonization efforts,” the Plan details.

In addition to the existing hydroelectric plants “Piva” and “Perućica,” proposals for constructing new facilities include the “Komarnica” hydroelectric plant on the river of the same name and the “Gornje Kruševo” plant on the Piva river.

EU Acceptance of “Komarnica”

The proposal for the “Komarnica” hydroelectric power plant has been under evaluation since 1988. Environmental groups have voiced concerns over its potential impact on the Komarnica Canyon.

The Spatial Plan references the “Regional Strategy for Sustainable Hydropower in the Western Balkans” document, which classifies the “Komarnica” HPP as environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the European Commission has designated it as one of four projects eligible for support. Urban and technical approvals have been issued, and the preparation of project documentation is ongoing. The Environmental Protection Agency is currently reviewing the environmental impact assessment for this project.

“The ‘Komarnica’ HPP is expected to facilitate ambitious goals for establishing new renewable electricity sources (solar and wind). It is the most technically advanced project but lacks backing from environmental protection authorities regarding spatial implications. Given its significance to Montenegro’s energy landscape, comprehensive assessments and conclusions from relevant institutions will be critical to move forward with the project,” the Plan states.

This hydropower facility is anticipated to generate approximately 670 GWh annually, equivalent to around 40 percent of the annual output from the Pljevlja TPP.

“Kruševo” as Support for Renewable Energy

The Gornje Kruševo hydroelectric power plant is designed to function as a reversible plant, enhancing system stability and compensating for dips in production from solar and wind sources.

“Its high manageability in electricity generation is vital for accommodating emerging renewable energy investments,” the Plan asserts.

This power plant’s projected annual output is estimated at 235 GWh.

Additionally, the Plan discusses the potential of the Montenegrin part of Lake Bileća, noting that this endeavor would necessitate an intergovernmental agreement. Ongoing research into the energy capacities of the Ćehotina and Morača rivers, as well as small hydroelectric projects at locations like the “Otilović” dam and the Slano and Krupac channels, is also encouraged. Furthermore, enhancements at the “Perućica” site and diversions of some Zeta River waters to the Krupac and Slano reservoirs are proposed.

By 2030, the plan aims for Montengro to obtain 700 GWh from new renewable energy sources, increasing to 2000 GWh by 2040, with the current optimal production at 4,000 GWh.

Planners are also suggesting that lower-level plans incorporate infrastructure for electric vehicle charging, predicting a rise in interest in this segment.

Wind Farm “Brajići” Faces Challenges

The Plan retains a large wind farm proposed in the Brajić area, where some preliminary documentation has been completed, but emphasizes the need for further studies due to local opposition and concerns regarding spatial protection.

“The wind farm in Brajić and the municipality of Bar presents a significant opportunity for power generation due to the site’s favorable conditions. However, substantial resistance from the local community, citing potential negative effects on the environment and cultural heritage, has been acknowledged. To proceed, comprehensive studies related to spatial impact, including an Environmental Impact Assessment and a visual impact evaluation, must be undertaken. The construction of this facility will depend heavily on mitigating any negative repercussions on the local populace and ecosystem,” the Plan concludes.

The projected annual output of this wind farm is estimated at 250 GWh.

News